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Titik biru malap

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Voyager-1 dilancarkan pada 5 September 1977 dari Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida, Amerika Syarikat. Antara misinya adalah untuk mengkaji planet-planet dengan lebih dekat. Pada 14 Febuari 1990, Voyager-1 telah mengembara jauh, sekitar 6 billion kilometer dari bumi, tempat asal ia berlepas. Namun berkat hasil tangan manusia dengan akal kurniaan tuhan, Voyager-1 masih dapat menerima signal arahan dari NASA Deep Space Network di bumi.

Dari jarak 6 billion kilometer ini, Carl Sagan, seorang ahli astronomi yang merupakan salah seorang penyelidik dalam NASA memohon agar kamera Voyager-1 di halakan ke bumi bagi mengambil gambar ‘Family potrait’ bumi bersama adik-beradik planetnya yang lain. Permintaan beliau diluluskan. Gambar tersebut menyaksikan ruang kosmos yang luas, dan ada satu titik pixel kecil berwarna biru pudar terapung ditengah sinaran matahari. Dari 640,000 pixel di dalam gambar tersebut titik bumi hanya sebesar 0.12 pixel. Dalam syarahan beliau di Universiti Cornell pada tahun 1994, Sagan berkata “That’s here. That’s home. That’s us”.

Sagan kemudian menulis buku bertajuk ‘Pale blue dot’ sempena gambar istimewa ini. Dalam bukunya Sagan menulis bertapa pengkajian astronomi merupakan satu perjalanan yang sangat merendahkan diri (humbling). Bertapa bumi ini sangat kecil apabila dibandingkan dengan kosmos yang terbentang luas, ibarat sebutir habuk. Bertapa manusia sangat angkuh dan bongkak, manusia yang kagum dengan ideologi masing-masing, sanggup membunuh dan dibunuh untuk merebut sebahagian dari habuk kecil ini. Gambar titik biru pudar ini sepatutnya mengingatkan mereka, bertapa kerdilnya mereka, dan belajar untuk hidup bersama.

Kita tidak pernah mendengar sekumpulan kucing di Arab Saudi berkomplot untuk membunuh spesis kucing lain di Yaman. Tetapi manusia, manusia yang mengaku mempunyai tuhan, mengaku mulia dengan agama, manusia yang dikurniakan akal, membunuh spesis mereka sendiri dengan cara yang kreatif. Mereka mencipta pelbagai jenis persenjataan moden dan canggih untuk membunuh spesis mereka sendiri beramai-ramai. Menggunakan guided missile, hydrogen bomb, kalashnikov, gas kimia, senjata biologi, dan seribu satu cara lain. Malah seronok dan berbangga dengan perbuatan mereka. George Carlin, seorang pelawak berkata, dalam banyak-banyak spesis kehidupan, hanya manusia yang membunuh spesis sendiri untuk keseronokan.

Jika kita melihat situasi negara kita hari ini, kita akan nampak bibik-bibik kebencian antara satu sama lain. Kita gagal menerima perbezaan, melihat orang lain yang berbeza dengan kita dengan penuh kebencian. Kita bersifat prejudis terhadap orang yang berbeza agama, bangsa, bahasa dan fahaman politik. Walaupun pilihanraya sudah berakhir kita terus saling membenci, memburukkan orang lain, memfitnah, menyebar kebencian, saling perli memerli di media sosial. Kita lupa raison d’être negara kita adalah perpaduan. Perbezaan adalah fitrah, kita perlu belajar hidup berbeza bersama.

 

Surat untuk Y.B

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Kehadapan Y.B yang dihormati,

Berat rasanya hati saya untuk menulis surat ini. Mungkin disebabkan faktor usia atau boleh jadi juga disebabkan telah lama meninggalkan hal ehwal tulis menulis ini. Sejak beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, saya lebih suka membaca dari menulis. Tapi saya gagahkan juga tangan ini atas faktor desakan perasaan yang tak terbendung lagi.

Begini Y.B,

Saya perkenalkan diri saya serba sedikit sebagai muqoddimah supaya YB dapat mengenali diri saya ini. Saya yakin bahawa saya ini bukanlah siapa-siapa dimata YB. Tapi bak kata orang, tak kenal maka tak cinta.

Nama saya Jefryzal Talib, umur 31 tahun, berasal dari Kampung Baru, Pulau Pinang – masih bujang dan kini bekerja sebagai seorang posmen di Kuala Lumpur. Rasanya pengenalan yang ringkas dan padat ini sudah cukup untuk menjawab persoalan YB tentang siapakah gerangan yang menulis surat ini. Tentang bagaimana rupa dan fizikal saya itu tak usahlah di fikir dalam-dalam. Anggaplah YB sedang berbual dengan Dwayne Johnson.

Y.B,

Rasanya belum terlambat untuk saya mengucapkan selamat Hari Raya Aidilfitri buat YB dan keluarga. Semoga YB dan keluarga bergembira menyambut Syawal bersama sanak saudara tercinta.

Hari yang sepatutnya disambut meriah oleh kaum muslimin dan muslimat telah pun tiba, namun saya hanya mampu menyambut dengan duka nestapa.

Y.B,

Ingatkah Y.B yang Y.B pernah berkata bahawa kalau YB menang, kutipan tol akan dihentikan? Jangan buat-buat lupa, salinan Buku Harapan masih tersemat rapi untuk dijadikan panduan. Tapi saya lihat ada je lagi? Tol masih lagi beroperasi macam tahun-tahun sudah. Cuma ada dikurangkan jadi 50% selama 2 hari sempena Raya. Apa semua ini Y.B? Dimanakah janji-janji YB dulu semasa kempen pilihanraya?

Natijahnya, berayalah saya sorang-sorang di Kuala Lumpur ini akibat tak mampu nak bayar tol. Agak stupid alasan saya kan Y.B? Ya memang pun, ini semua kerana duit gaji saya habis bayar hutang PTPTN. Yes you got it right YB, walaupun saya seorang posmen, tapi saya tahu tanggungjawab saya dalam membayar hutang. Saya takut bila mati nanti roh saya akan tergantung antara langit dan bumi dek kerana tak bayar pinjaman pelajaran saya ketika menyambung pengajian peringkat diploma di Kolej Vokasional dulu. Tapi tak mengapa, saya anggap dugaan ini sebagai suratan takdir hidup saya.

Y.B,

Kalau Y.B nak tahu, saya lah antara pemuda yang lantang dan berani berkempen untuk Y.B tanpa mengenal siang dan malam. Dimana ada function Y.B, di situ lah ada saya, hanya berbekalkan Honda EX-5 Pos Malaysia. Ini kerana saya yakin dengan misi dan visi yang Y.B cuba ketengahkan atas nama politik baharu. Saya panjangkan idea-idea Y.B ke orang-orang kampung, dan saya yakinkan mereka bahawa mereka boleh menikmati kehidupan yang lebih selesa jika kita memilih Y.B sebagai pemimpin. Rata-ratanya bersetuju dengan hujah yang saya sampaikan, cuma sebilangan kecil sahaja yang membangkang. Din Kapal contohnya. Tapi saya tak hairan sangat sebab dia bekerja di laut, mana tahu sangat perkembangan politik kita ni. Line internet tengah laut tu pun mana boleh harap sangat.

Tapi akhir-akhir ini saya dikecam teruk oleh orang-orang kampung. Setiap kali saya pulang ke kampung, semua orang seolah-olah memandang serong kepada saya. Tak kira kemana saja saya pergi, hatta ke surau sekalipun tak terlepas dari cemuhan orang ramai. Walhal, Nizam anak Lebai Dollah yang menipu orang ramai melalui pelaburan emas tak berlesen tahun lepas pun tak memerima nasib seteruk saya ni. Sebak rasa hati saya ni Y.B. Kalau dikuis sikit dengan lagu Handyblack – Kau Yang Bernama Seri tu, nescaya akan berlinanganlah mata saya ni Y.B. Saya malu tau Y.B, malu! Semuanya berpunca dari janji manis Y.B untuk turunkan harga minyak. Saya tengok harga minyak sama je, tak berubah. Dulu YB kata harga minyak boleh jadi RM 1.50. To the hell with it! Apa semua ini Y.B? Tergamak YB mencalarkan maruah saya sebagai pemuda kampung yang ikhlas berjuang untuk Y.B. Unbelievable.

Y.B,

Maafkan saya atas gangguan emosi tadi. Saya tahu, tak adil rasanya kalau saya hanya menyatakan kesalahan Y.B semata-mata. Saya tak nafikan bahawa ada juga perubahan dan janji yang telah pun Y.B laksanakan. GST contohnya. Saya sangat gembira dan bersyukur kerana Y.B menerima cadangan dan mendengar permasalahan akar umbi berkenaan isu GST ini. Walaupun tidak dimansuhkan secara total, namun yang penting ia sudah dikekalkan sebagai 0%.

Saya mengambil peluang ini untuk menunaikan janji kepada ibu saya untuk membelikan beliau satu set sofa baru sempena Syawal yang lalu. Walaupun saya bukanlah seorang pegawai bank, tapi yakin bahawa harganya akan jadi berkurangan ekoran GST sifar.

Tapi apakan daya, SST yang digunakan kini menyebabkan beberapa barangan menjadi lagi mahal, set sofa pun tak terkecuali. 3 kali saya telan air liur depan Ah Keong yang ligat memicit kalkulator. Akhirnya saya terpaksa menolak dengan sopan dan niat untuk membeli sofa baru saya padamkan dari fikiran. Kecil hati orang tua saya tau Y.B. Saya tak tahu lah sama ada Y.B atau Ah Keong yang bersalah dalam hal ini, wallahualam.

Y.B,

Saya harap agar Y.B dapat menerima isi surat saya ini dengan hati yang terbuka. Satu benda yang perlu Y.B tahu, walau macam mana pun rakyat tetap berkuasa untuk memilih. Jangan nanti 5 tahun akan datang, Y.B terpaksa packing mengosongkan pejabat.

Ok lah Y.B, saya ada surat nak hantar. Kalau singgah Gombak, picit saya. Saya belanja teh tarik.

Sekian,
Jefryzal Talib

Adakah Rohingya terlalu busuk untuk Malaysia?

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Malaysia merupakan negara yang terkenal dengan sikap toleransi merentasi bangsa. Pasca era kolonial, ketika negara serantau lain memperkenalkan satu identiti negara dengan satu bahasa, satu sistem pendidikan dan satu budaya, Malaysia mengambil jalan tengah dengan mengiktiraf kepelbagaian bangsa, menerima bangsa lain sebagai warga Malaysia, malah memelihara bahasa dan melindungi sistem pendidikan masing-masing. Walaupun ia bukanlah sistem yang sempurna, rakyat Malaysia mampu menerima perbezaan dan hidup bersama.

Di arena antarabangsa Malaysia juga memainkan peranannya dalam mempertahankan hak asasi manusia. Ketika konflik Balkan pada tahun 1992, Malaysia adalah antara negara yang aktif membantu di bawah naungan UN. Malah Malaysia dengan berani mengumumkan akan menghantar bantuan ketenteraan apabila krisis memuncak dimana bangsa Bosnia dibunuh dengan kejam oleh bangsa Serbia. Bahkan sehingga hari ini jasa Malaysia diperingati di Bosnia dengan penubuhan Masjid Malaysia di Nova Breka, Sarajevo.

Dalam hubungan serantau juga, Malaysia memainkan peranan aktif, antaranya dengan menjadi broker keamanan bagi menyelesaikan konflik bersenjata di Mindanao, Filipina dengan menggalakkan perjanjian keamanan ‘Bangsamoro’. Begitu juga komitmen Malaysia membantu krisis kemanusiaan di Palestin, Syria dan lain-lain negara.

Baru-baru ini kita dikejutkan dengan gelombang keganasan terbaru di Arakan, Myanmar. Video dan gamba-gambar kekejaman tentera Myanmar membanjiri ruangan media sosial. Semestinya Malaysia yang terkenal dengan toleransi kaum tidak dapat menahan diri dari bersimpati dengan keadaan disana. Walaupun, dalam sejarah, Malaysia telah lama membantu bangsa Rohingya melalui NGO seperti HALUAN Malaysia dan MAPIM. Namun, kemuncak krisis terbaru menyaksikan segolongan warga Malaysia yang mempersoalkan bantuan kepada kaum Rohingya.

Antara tulisan yang tersebar adalah tulisan oleh Saudara Mohd Faizal Zulkifly. , beliau juga menulis berkenaan dengan Rohingya sebagai “bangsa tak sedar diri”. Antara lain beliau menulis bahawa “konflik ini berlaku kerana keegoan kedua-dua pihak”. Beliau juga menyalahkan bangsa Rohingya yang gagal berasimilasi dengan konsep ‘Burmanization’ dan “keengganan mereka untuk keluar dari kelompok mereka sendiri”. Beliau juga memetik rasa patriotik dengan menulis bahawa isu Rohingya menyebabkan kita “tersepit dan serba salah antara kemanusiaan dan kedaulatan negara”. Persoalannya benarkah dakwaan ini?

Dakwaan ini dijawab secara panjang lebar oleh Setiausaha Serantau Muslim, Hakim Mohd Nor. Antaranya beliau menyebut bahawa “Hakikatnya, mereka sudah pernah berjaya integrasi dan menjadi sebahagian ahli parlimen kerajaan pun. Tapi mengapa tiba-tiba tarik balik kerakyatan mereka dan menafikan hak-hak asasi hidup, pendidikan, bergerak, memilik harta dan pelbagai lagi nikmat warganegara. Sangat tidak adil mengatakan Rohingya tidak boleh integrasi menyebabkan mereka tidak mendapat warganegara.” Oleh kerana dakwaan ini telah dijawab, saya lebih berminat untuk meneliti komen-komen oleh penyokong Saudara Mohd Faizal Zulkifly, dibawah ada beberapa komen untuk dibincangkan.

Komen Muhammad Hilmi, nama sedap tapi sayang, bahasa yang digunakan penuh kekesatan dan kebencian. Benarkah tiada bangsa yang pernah menolong bangsa kita? Mungkin beliau tidak pernah membaca berkenaan dengan bantuan tentera Ottoman semasa Melaka dikepung pada tahun 1568. Juga bantuan tentera Commonwealth dari Australia, Newzealand, Fiji dan lain-lain dalam perang guerilla melawan komunis dari tahun 1948 hingga 1960. Bahkan veteran ini dijemput oleh Malaysia semasa sambutan kemerdekaan baru-baru ini.

Ismail Idi Rtiga menulis 99% Rohingya di Pasar Borong Selayang kurang ajar. Sebelum menggunakan statistik ini, elok beliau ungkapkan kajian ini dari mana, berapa responden Rohingya yang telah di survey. Pengotor? Mungkin beliau tidak tahu bahawa mereka diberi perlindungan sebagai ‘refugee’ oleh UNHCR dan tidak boleh bekerja. Agak-agak kalau gaji mereka RM3000 sebulan hendak ke mereka tinggal di Pasar Borong? Jika benar pun ada segelintir yang bersikap tidak baik, wajarkah kita menghukum semuanya dan membiarkan mereka ditindas? Jika ada tiga orang warga Malaysia buang najis dalam shower di Osaka, bolehkah warga Jepun membuat kesimpulan bahawa 99% rakyat Malaysia suka buang najis merata-rata? Kita perlu lebih berhati-hati.

Nor Liya mengatakan mereka pengecut. Pernahkah Nor Liya melihat ibunya sendiri di bunuh di depan mata? Rumah dibakar? Xtvts Myheart mengatakan mereka mogok berdemonstrasi nak kerakyatan, mungkin beliau masih belum benar-benar pandai membaca. Sebenarnya mereka berdemonstrasi untuk menyampaikan nota bantahan kepada kedutaan Myanmar. Mahadzir Hashim pula menyamakan mereka sebagai anjing. Saya tertanya, jika pun tiada nilai kemanusiaan di dalam hatinya, tidakkah beliau pernah bersekolah dan belajar perbezaan antara manusia dan anjing?

Saya percaya, golongan-golongan simple minded dan rasis ini wujud di kalangan rakyat Malaysia, namun kita seharusnya tidak mencontohi mereka dan cuba sedaya upaya menasihati mereka. Seharusnya rakyat Malaysia bersama-sama menyokong persatuan yang membantu perjuangan Rohingya seperti HALUAN Malaysia dan MAPIM. Tekanan dari masyarakat international sememangnya mempunyai kesan dan mampu mengubah keadaan. Seperti mana Aparteid dapat ditumpaskan pada tahun 1990-1993 oleh tekanan masyarakat antarabangsa, tidak mustahil kita mampu memberi tekanan bagi mengakhiri kekejaman terhadap bangsa Rohingya.

Sumber foto: The Star

How Chester gave sense to our teenage life

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I remembered my teenage years, back in 2003, I was just 13 years old when I left home. I entered a boarding school and trying to make sense of my life. Teenage years were the years we were usually lost, trying to understand where we fit in and how we should fit in. As with my generation, we are trying to find ourselves back then, staring at the whole authority in a skeptical way.

These are the golden years for may rock bands, where we found our voice in their lyrics, the voice of rebellion. I remembered we used to sneak out of school at night to cyber cafe, me and my friends usually will be there until late night. Those days the famous game was Counter Strike and GTA, Dota was not yet born. But I went not to play games with my friend, I don’t have much interest (and talent) in them. I go there to check my Friendster profile  (Mark Zuckerberg does not invented Facebook yet) and also copying lyrics from internet to my notebook.

Chester voice were among the voices that filled our rebel’s soul. We find in their lyrics that it is okay to think differently from the authority, to be your own self, to depart from our ordinary submission and built our own thinking, how we perceived the world, and how we should live in them.

I missed those days, where I can alienate myself from the whole society. Listen to the music and reflect on life. Linkin Park, Simple Plan, All American Reject, Evanescence, Green Day were our favorite (just to name a few). That is why, when we heard about Chester’s passing, we knew that our teenage life as we know it was over. His passing created a void in our life. Chester died on 20 July 2017, taking his own life.

“I tried so hard, and got so far, but in the end, it doesn’t even matter” – In the end, Linkin Park, 2000.

Photo Credit: NBC News

Reza Aslan is not a scholar in Islam

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Recently, Reza Aslan has come under spotlight as he appear in CNN’s program called ‘Believer’. In one of the series he went to meet one of Hindhu sect called Aghori. Aghori is a small cannibalistic sect which practices were rejected by mainstream hindhuism. There he ate a slice of part of human brain and drank alcohol from a human scull. This episode spark rage among Hindhu leader as it seems to show that Hindhuism is cannibalistic, which they are not. Other Muslim also fast to condemn Reza for this act.

In this article, I would like to argue one of the comment from an associate professor in USIM, Malaysia. She wrote:

“REZA ASLAN IS NOT A SCHOLAR IN ISLAM.”

Well, in some sense I agree with her. By most of the Muslim standard he might not be an ideal Muslim. He married to a Christian, drank alcohol, which is not acceptable in the Muslim’s tradition. But we might need to be extra careful in dismissing him entirely. Just because somebody done a sin, does not mean we have to reject him entirely. We are not God to judge.

Definition

Of course Islam is a very large religion, according to Pew its the second largest religion on earth with estimated 1.6 billion of Muslim. Islam have crossed the boundaries of geography, ethnicity, culture and time. There are a lot of interpretation which bring much of the diversity. The diversity, of course is a coin with double side. It has a good and bad side. The bad side is, its common to accuse somebody with different interpretation as heretic, apostates and dozen other labels. I found this exercise is counter productive, I rarely join such conversation. But, I think I can made one exception this time.

So lets take a rudimentary definition of scholar, one that is easiest for us to talk and argue. Merriam-webster define a scholar as a person who has studied a subject for a long time and knows a lot about it : an intelligent and well-educated person who knows a particular subject very well. Lets agree on this easy-to-understand-definition.

A typical mindset

Its very easy to see that among Muslims we tend to discuss subject such as this thing is haraam, that person is munafeeq, that person is not an actual Muslim. Actually its very easy to criticize something, you don’t even have to be an associate professor from Faculty of Medicine and Health Science. Everyone can do it, because talk is cheap. But to achieve something, to be at the top and get the criticism, is not a very easy thing to do, not everyone can do it.

When people ask her to slow down. She responded: “4 degrees define a scholar? Hmmmm.” . Which I found is not critical enough. You can’t past a VIVA with that kind of answer. From my perspective a professor who specialize in theology have more authority to talk about religion that an  associate professor from Faculty of Medicine and Health Science.

Publication

A scholar usually measured by the quantity and quality of its publication. Of course it is very hard to do a qualitative comparison, so lets limit our comparison with only quantitative comparison. If you search Reza Aslan in google scholar it will return 2720 results, and his publication is mainly on religion and theology. If you done your postgraduate studies, you will know how hard it is to get publish. Referring back to our definition, from my point of view Reza Aslan knows his subject very well, otherwise he will not get that much of publication. Guess how much result our associate professor has from google scholar? 52, mostly on biology and medicine. So who are more authoritative to talk about religion?

International front

Reza Aslan maybe will not qualify as a spiritual leader base on our standard definition. He is not, I can agree with that. But to dismiss him as not a scholar, is delusional. Maybe her standard of scholar is unique for herself and does not reflect the standard agreed by the international community.

One of Reza Aslan biggest contribution from my point of view, is how he help fight Islamophobia, bigotry and mis-information about Islam in the mainstream media. You can easily search his strong argument in Youtube, he supply his argument with fact not with Hmmmm. I specially like his counter argument against Bill Maher with commentaries by Cenk Uygur ( Cenk is an atheist).

Conclusion 

Reza Aslan is not an ayatollah. He is not one of the Shia 12 imam. He is not an Ulama by our standard. He is not an associate professor from Faculty of Medicine and Health Science.But he did study theology and religion seriously, and Islam is one of the religion which he studied.

I did not wrote all this in his defense because I am his fan. I only read one of his book ‘No God but God’, which I find interesting to read. But as I am a Muslim, so 90% of it were already known, but it surely an informative book for a non-Muslim.

I wrote it because of my conscience and my believe that we should be fair in our analysis. Fairness does not belong to only Muslim, all human have the right to be treated fairly regardless of his or her belief.

 

Notes:

  1. The story on Reza Aslan and Aghori sect can be found from Daily Mail.  http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4296404/CNN-presenter-Reza-Aslan-eats-HUMAN-BRAIN.html
  2. Islam as the 2nd largest religion can be found from Pew’s research http://www.pewforum.org/2012/12/18/global-religious-landscape-exec/
  3. Merriam-webster’s definition on scholar. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/scholar
  4. Reza Aslan against Bill Maher can be watched at The Young Turk’s channel. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6ibKWVTFSak
  5. Photo taken from https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/3042323/tv-presenter-eats-human-brain-during-filming-of-documentary-before-angry-cannibal-throws-own-poo-at-him/

 

 

Building a wall of ignorance

By 135 Comments

JANUARY 31 — We’re just over a week into the Trump-Putin regime, and it’s already getting hard to keep track of the disasters. Remember the president’s temper tantrum over his embarrassingly small inauguration crowd? It already seems like ancient history.

But I want to hold on, just for a minute, to the story that dominated the news on Thursday, before it was, er, trumped by the uproar over the refugee ban. As you may recall — or maybe you don’t, with the crazy coming so thick and fast — the White House first seemed to say that it would impose a 20 per cent tariff on Mexico, but may have been talking about a tax plan, proposed by Republicans in the House, that would do no such thing; then said that it was just an idea; then dropped the subject, at least for now.

For sheer viciousness, loose talk about tariffs isn’t going to match slamming the door on refugees, on Holocaust Remembrance Day, no less. But the tariff tale nonetheless epitomises the pattern we’re already seeing in this shambolic administration — a pattern of dysfunction, ignorance, incompetence, and betrayal of trust.

The story seems, like so much that’s happened lately, to have started with President Donald Trump’s insecure ego: People were making fun of him because Mexico will not, as he promised during the campaign, pay for that useless wall along the border. So his spokesman, Sean Spicer, went out and declared that a border tax on Mexican products would, in fact, pay for the wall. So there!

As economists quickly pointed out, however, tariffs aren’t paid by the exporter. With some minor qualifications, basically they’re paid for by the buyers — that is, a tariff on Mexican goods would be a tax on US consumers. America, not Mexico, would therefore end up paying for the wall.

Oops. But that wasn’t the only problem. America is part of a system of agreements — a system we built — that sets rules for trade policy, and one of the key rules is that you can’t just unilaterally hike tariffs that were reduced in previous negotiations.

If America were to casually break that rule, the consequences would be severe. The risk wouldn’t so much be one of retaliation — although that, too — as of emulation: If we treat the rules with contempt, so will everyone else. The whole trading system would start to unravel, with hugely disruptive effects everywhere, very much including US manufacturing.

So is the White House actually planning to go down that route? By focusing on imports from Mexico, Spicer conveyed that impression; but he also said that he was talking about “comprehensive tax reform as a means to tax imports from countries that we have a trade deficit from.” That seemed to be a reference to a proposed overhaul of corporate taxes, which would include “adjustable border taxes.”

But here’s the thing: that overhaul wouldn’t at all have the effects he was suggesting. It wouldn’t target countries with which we run deficits, let alone Mexico; it would apply to all trade. And it wouldn’t really be a tax on imports.

To be fair, this is a widely misunderstood point. Many people who should know better believe that value-added taxes, which many countries impose, discourage imports and subsidise exports. Spicer echoed that misperception. In fact, however, value-added taxes are basically national sales taxes, which neither discourage nor encourage imports. (Yes, imports pay the tax, but so do domestic products.)

And the proposed change in corporate taxes, while differing from value-added taxation in some ways, would similarly be neutral in its effects on trade. What this means, in particular, is that it would do nothing whatsoever to make Mexico pay for the wall.

Some of this is a bit technical — see my blog for more details. But isn’t the US government supposed to get stuff right before floating what sounds like a declaration of trade war?

So let’s sum it up: The White House press secretary created a diplomatic crisis while trying to protect the president from ridicule over his foolish boasting. In the process he demonstrated that nobody in authority understands basic economics. Then he tried to walk the whole thing back.

All of this should be placed in the larger context of America’s quickly collapsing credibility.

Our government hasn’t always done the right thing. But it has kept its promises, to nations and individuals alike.

Now all of that is in question. Everyone, from small nations who thought they were protected against Russian aggression, to Mexican entrepreneurs who thought they had guaranteed access to our markets, to Iraqi interpreters who thought their service with the US meant an assurance of sanctuary, now has to wonder whether they’ll be treated like stiffed contractors at a Trump hotel.

That’s a very big loss. And it’s probably irreversible. — The New York Times

– See more at: http://www.themalaymailonline.com/opinion/new-york-times/article/building-a-wall-of-ignorance-paul-krugman#sthash.DjQtQPoX.dpuf

Trump travel ban is an attack on religious liberty

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JANUARY 31 — President Donald Trump’s executive order barring the US entry of refugees from seven majority-Muslim countries — while prioritising refugees who are religious minorities, namely Christians — is a shameful display of discrimination against people who are by legal definition innocent and in danger of their lives. It also violates the constitutional value of equal religious liberty.

Whether the constitutional violation could be used by a court to strike down the order is a more difficult question. Classically, the courts haven’t interpreted the Constitution to protect the rights of noncitizens living outside the US To get into court to challenge the order, its opponents will need to argue that it violates the rights of people physically in the US That will take some ingenuity, but it’s a hurdle that could be overcome. The trick will be to claim that visa holders from the seven countries who are lawfully in the US — for example, people on student visas — can sue because the order blocks them from leaving and returning as they would otherwise be able to do.

As for the Constitution, the 14th Amendment prohibits the government  from denying anyone the equal protection of the laws. It was designed to combat racial discrimination. But it also extends to unjust discrimination based on religion.

The First Amendment contains two separate guarantees, both of which the order also violates. The free exercise clause has been interpreted to bar the government from preventing a group’s religious practice out of religious animus.

And the establishment clause prohibits government action that endorses one religion over others. It also bars the government from disfavouring one religion over others.

The executive order invidiously treats Muslims differently from non-Muslims. That burdens Muslims’ expression of their religion, violating both the equal protection and free exercise clauses.

It does so in the first instance by singling out majority-Muslim countries for targeting — without a basis in national security as it claims. And it also singles out Muslims by prioritising Christians.

As written, the order doesn’t reach all majority-Muslim countries or all countries that produce terrorists. It conspicuously omits Saudi Arabia, from which 15 of the 19 September 11 attackers hailed.

It also doesn’t use the word “Muslim” or “Christian,” instead referring to religious minorities in the seven countries.

But the president himself has clarified to the Christian Broadcast Network and on Twitter that he intends the order to give preference to Christians. The government therefore can’t hide behind the order’s text, as seemingly neutral as it is.

Trump’s explanation also shows why the order endorses Christianity over Islam. It would be all right in theory to prioritize persecuted religious minorities for protection. But Trump’s explanations reflect a symbolic preference for Christian refugees.

This is analogous to declaring the US a Christian country. Indeed, the other countries that overtly prefer Christian to Muslim refugees — Poland, Bulgaria and Slovakia, for example — make no bones about saying they are Christian countries with a preference for their co-religionists.

Trump will certainly assert that Congress has full authority over immigration under the Constitution and that it has authorised the president to bar immigrants whose entry he considers to be “against the interests of the United States.” That’s the basis for his whole order.

But this authority can’t override the Constitution or the rights of people who are protected by it.

For these constitutional problems to get before a judge, there must a plaintiff who is within the reach of the US Constitution. And the plaintiff must have standing to sue because he or should would be harmed by the law.

A Muslim visa applicant from Iraq who has been denied access to the US while a Christian Iraqi has been allowed to enter can certainly say he’s been injured by the order. The problem is that because he is a non-US citizen outside the country, he doesn’t (according to the courts) fall under the protection of the Constitution.

The solution is to find someone already in the US who is injured by the order. Even noncitizens have religious liberty and equal protection rights when they are inside the borders.

The best bet would then be for the order’s opponents to bring suit on behalf of a plaintiff who is in the country lawfully but is hurt by the ban. The injury could be the lack of opportunity to leave the country and return. Provided the plaintiff has bought a plane ticket and really plans to travel home and back, not being able to return would count as an injury.

There’s a subtle twist. The order’s ban on immigration from the seven countries is separate from its prioritization of Christian refugees. The latter is supposed to happen only “upon the resumption” of refugee admissions, which the order currently bans for 120 days.

The plaintiff in the US could almost certainly challenge the first part. But the second part is harder to challenge, because the person in this country would be on a lawful visa, not someone being denied refugee status.

One possibility would be to have a plaintiff who was here in the US on a lawful visa who was then also denied refugee status. Another would be for a plaintiff to try to challenge the whole order even though only part of it affects him by saying the whole thing is cut from one anti-Muslim cloth.

Regardless, the legal goal for opponents will be to find a way to get a court to rule on the religious liberty dimensions of the order. It’s not an open-and-shut case by any means. But vindication of the American tradition of religious liberty is a high-stakes proposition — and courts should be prepared to consider the rights of any valid plaintiff to make that happen. — Bloomberg

– See more at: http://www.themalaymailonline.com/opinion/bloomberg/article/trump-travel-ban-is-an-attack-on-religious-liberty-noah-feldman#sthash.0XRihC1W.dpuf

A chained city

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FEBRUARY 2 — It was quiet in Kuala Lumpur yesterday. Just like any other Federal Territories Day since there was a territory dedicated to the federal government. Residents are, as ever, clueless about this special zone’s designation and purpose, which is wholly consistent with the federation in general.

Yet, it is apt. That the wealthiest portion of the richest state was carved into a new artificial state in order to silence its people.

Federal Territory of the 1970s, before Labuan and Putrajaya were added belatedly to the exercise of political castration, was impassionate and colourless, and remains so today.

Little wonder the only person on my Facebook timeline who made any mention of Kuala Lumpur’s anniversary, was a son of a former MIC Kuala Lumpur youth chief!

Kuala Lumpur was born on the banks of the Gombak and Klang Rivers as the heart of an economically-vibrant Selangor, so the retelling of it as a federal territory in 1972 is about as attractive as watching the paint dry on the side of the riverbank past Central Market.

There was no clamour from the citizens to be a separate state. It was a novel stratagem to remove the city from voting the next Selangor government — as it almost did in the 1969 general election.

As a result, no more state seats for the 11 parliamentary seats. They stripped the city of an elected mayor seven years prior in 1965, and with the stroke of the sultan’s pen they rid it of power over the Selangor assembly.

What is left is observed through the giving of holiday to those working and studying in the city. There is no identity, no relevance, no shared memory, no nothing. Which is best highlighted by the negligible support for the city’s football team. What is Kuala Lumpur as a state to those designated since to live in it?

No clue.

Instead, the recognition of statehood is limited to distinctions with Selangor which envelopes it. It is about non-coinciding holidays, when some family members work or study and others are on leave. Or if shoppers cross Melawati to Hulu Kelang, supermarkets charge for plastic bags on some days, and in contra, the other state expects recyclables to be separated from general waste.

But hope finds a way to re-entangle the states.

Selangor and KL share the water.

Politics separate the people, but water, the lifeblood courtesy of the Selangor Water Board courses through both states, almost to remind those too tired to remember that the fates of both peoples are locked in a common destiny.

I lived in Selangor and everyone in the home went to work and study in the city, so it got surreal in the Ganesan household. Thaipusam was then not a holiday so it was the one day in the year I missed school — I hate to miss school.

It is sausage making

The political reality never shifted for city folks, which is why I suppose the people observed a strict culture of not caring about it.

Even as it stands, nine of the 11 states constituting Kuala Lumpur are under either DAP or PKR, but the mayor is a public servant appointed by the prime minister and he by convention cares very little about what the nine parliamentarians feel about the city.

It is not only the two Umno MPs that the mayor is interested in, it is the 11 Umno division chiefs in the city. The cruel reality of the system is that the votes of Umno members in Segambut matters more than what the overwhelming voters in Segambut supported in the last general election.

Which reduces the value of votes, worst, it reduces the interest of voters in their system.

I understand this is far too complex a situation than the average Umno division chief’s suited to digest, but it creates apathy and broad disillusionment among the people.

A city that has so many of its residents disinterested in its administration leads to a reduction of meaningful citizen-administrator engagement which is critical to the realisation of liveable cities.

We won’t be Melbourne or London by skipping the step of resident engagement. Selangor is envied because its suburban zones have undergone rigorous voter examination through the interplay of NGOs, local councillors and information sharing.

The cities and local councils have been shamed, exposes threatened and performances slammed, and the outcome has been not rebellion but better cities and towns. Urban dwellers need to feel like they are on their local authorities’ backs. That’s how they breathe.

In summary, while Selangor has no elections yet, the willingness to increase engagement has resulted in resuscitation not strait-jacketing. The opposite is true in Kuala Lumpur. City Hall is opaque, appointments are clandestine and operations at the mercy of the Federal Territories Minister.

This is not to say I don’t welcome local council elections in Selangor tomorrow.

Disengagement has had the opposite effect. Like resulting in the city inheriting an equestrian squad, fat men riding their horses about with no value to the people.

The way cities and towns are run tell us about larger things. If there is no democracy at our lowest levels, then all the veneer of democracy paraded at the highest echelons are just hollow and public exercises of window dressing.

A radio presenter said a few days ago that he was always going to vote by weighing all parties’ policies, and said about the joy of voting in the UK’s local elections by virtue of being a resident — many countries allow residents along with citizens to vote in their city elections.

I was perplexed. It was cognitive dissonance in its most evil twist.

He wanted us to always weigh the sides based on their policies? Policies are important, but so is the cornerstone of modern democracies which is that policies are the product of public discourses at all levels. It is the synthesising of our best and worst ideas, with the belief that if there is enough oxygen great things will be produced.

Local governments are the manifestation of the most organic form of generating policies/ideas from the commoners. When local governments themselves are opposed, as they are in Malaysia, let alone the progressive allocations of letting foreign residents vote, then those who are in admiration of policies should be opposed to those who oppose local elections.

And there is only one side that openly opposes local elections, they are incidentally the same side who believe in more participation of the people, the voters, in the system is bad for both policies and outcomes.

Returning to the theme of the city, this city whose spirit has been doused with prejudice for decades is crying for a reroute; the answer is about rejecting those opposed to granular origins within a democracy.

The city is the lifeblood, but for more than just Selangor. As the capital, it is the heart that pumps blood to Malaysia, freeing its spirit is not a political possibility, it is a survival necessity, if Malaysia is to fulfil its potential as a beacon of hope for those at home and beyond.

– See more at: http://www.themalaymailonline.com/opinion/praba-ganesan/article/a-chained-city#sthash.cM7fomAZ.dpuf

Why do we care more about America than Malaysia?

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FEBRUARY 3 ― It’s surprising how some Malaysians seem to care more about Donald Trump’s ban on seven Muslim-majority countries and refugees, than on decades-long discrimination in our own country.

Of course, Trump’s 90-day ban on visitors from Iraq, Iran, Syria, Yemen, Sudan, Libya and Somalia ― which conveniently excludes Muslim-majority nations like the United Arab Emirates, Indonesia and Turkey where his family does business in ― and his 120-day suspension of the US refugee programme are discriminatory and reprehensible.

The Malaysian government, after all their rah-rah about the plight of the Rohingyas, is strangely silent about Trump’s immigration ban, while leaders from Germany, France and even Indonesia have criticised it. The least our government could do is issue a statement expressing concern.

On the other side of the political fence, Pakatan Harapan is organising a rally today at the US embassy to protest Trump’s so-called “Muslim ban.”

Liberal Malaysians have also been up in arms on social media about Trump’s ban and his firing of US acting attorney general Sally Yates for not defending his immigration order.

As deplorable as Trump’s ban is, why are we Malaysians paying so much attention to it, to the extent of organising a rally?

If we really cared about the safety of refugees, why don’t we pressure our government to sign the United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention and to open our shores up to them, instead of asking the US to open theirs up?

It’s because not many of us actually care about refugee rights, which is why political parties here are mostly silent on the issue. But we have the gall to ask another country to accept the refugees that we disdain.

If we’re upset about the discriminatory nature of Trump’s ban, why are we not equally upset about state discrimination in Malaysia? Of course, discrimination against Malays happens in the private sector too, which is why we need anti-discrimination laws to protect all citizens, whether they work in the private or public sector. But the government must first acknowledge the problem and refrain from perpetuating discrimination themselves.

Pro-Bumiputera policies, remnants of the New Economic Policy (NEP) that was supposed to have officially ended almost three decades ago in 1990, are still in place even though we’re supposed to be a developed nation by 2020.

The International Trade and Industry Ministry said last December that Bumiputera companies should be allocated at least a whopping 50 per cent of the value of large-scale contracts by the government and by government-linked companies (GLCs).

Half of the MRT project value was set aside for Bumiputera companies, with the prime minister saying that 50 per cent of the tenders in the first phase of the project was awarded to them due to their competitiveness even though the original target was 43 per cent. This begs the question of why quotas were necessary in the first place.

A minister who once told Malays to boycott Chinese businesses remains in government, while government leaders keep silent over racist insults hurled by the Red Shirts and do nothing to reassure the non-Malays that they are valid citizens of the country.

Incidents of religious discrimination, like the unilateral conversions of children to Islam and the confiscation of Christian bibles, continue to be an issue.

Tens of thousands of people held demonstrations in the US to protest against Trump’s ban. American citizens rallied because they cared about what was happening to their country.

But do we Malaysians care enough to do something about issues in our own country like racial and religious discrimination?

Politicians on both sides of the fence here are too cowardly to stand up on matters of race and religion if it affects their vote bank.

On PAS president Datuk Seri Abdul Hadi Awang’s private member’s Bill to amend the Shariah Courts (Criminal Jurisdiction) Act 1965 (Act 355), for example, only DAP from Pakatan and MCA/ MIC/ Gerakan from Barisan Nasional (BN) have spoken up against it.

Muslim-majority parties PKR and Amanah have remained ambivalent on the Bill that may further erode the rights of non-Muslims here, even though they saw it fit to issue strong statements against Trump’s ban that has nothing to do with Malaysian citizens.

When I invited a friend to join the February 18 BEBAS rally in Padang Merbok against Hadi’s Bill, he asked me: “This may be a stupid question, but does Shariah law affect non-Muslims?”

It wasn’t a stupid question because ordinarily, the simple answer should be “No.” Unfortunately, the religious authorities had investigated and confiscated items from Ninja Joe, a pork burger chain run by non-Muslims, during the “P. Ramly burger” fiasco. This disturbing episode clearly illustrates the encroaching powers of Islamic authorities on non-Muslim affairs and businesses. Yet, none of our politicians, not even those from predominantly Chinese parties, said anything.

One of the worrying things to non-Muslims about Hadi’s Bill is precisely this: that it will embolden religious authorities and those in power to intrude into our private lives and dictate how we should run our businesses, how we should dress and what we should (or shouldn’t) eat or drink.

Personally, I don’t care much about refugees. It would be great if Malaysia signed the UN Refugee Convention. But the issue doesn’t anger me to the point that I would organise a rally because, well, I care more about Malaysian citizens and making our country world class first before we share our luxuries with refugees.

An advertisement for “Malay buyer only” RM310,000 condominium units in Taman Tun Dr Ismail, for example, angers me more than Trump’s ban, since I don’t know any refugees nor anyone from Iraq, Iran, Syria, Yemen, Sudan, Libya or Somalia. I’ve never even been to America.

I slogged for years to buy a 15-year-old sub sale apartment unit in the outskirts of Subang Jaya for RM350,000, denying myself the pleasure of ridiculously priced coffee at hipster cafes.

Then I see discriminatory ads that prohibit me from buying a nice new condo in the place I grew up (and still live) in because of my skin colour.

Malaysians can fight for the rights of Muslims to enter America if they want to (although people might be better off in another country that’s isn’t on a path to self-destruction).

But I wish that we cared more about what’s happening in our own backyard.

The Holocaust might not have happened if the Germans themselves ― who did know about the deaths of Jews in concentration camps because these places were prominently reported in German media then, according to Professor Robert Gellately’s “Backing Hilter” ― had done something.

I’m not comparing the discrimination in Malaysia or in the US in any way to the Holocaust.

What I’m saying is that it’s imperative for Malaysians to speak out about issues affecting fellow citizens, instead of just jumping on the Trump-hating bandwagon because it’s convenient.

– See more at: http://www.themalaymailonline.com/opinion/boo-su-lyn/article/why-do-we-care-more-about-america-than-malaysia#sthash.WewkVP0z.dpuf

Travellers with nut allergies clash with airlines

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Dr. Roseanne Bloom holds her sons’ Epi-Pens, which they carry with them whenever they leave the house in case of a life-threatening allergic reaction, in Clarksville, Md., Jan. 22, 2017. On Christmas morning, the family was removed from an American Airlines flight because of concerns about the boys’ nut allergies. (Andrew Mangum/The New York Times)

NEW YORK, Jan 31 — Rosanne Bloom and her family had just settled into their seats on a flight from Philadelphia to Turks and Caicos Islands on Christmas morning when two airline employees ordered Bloom, her husband and two boys off the plane. Their luggage had been removed.

The problem? Bloom had informed the crew that her teenage sons had severe nut allergies.

“I said, ‘We have our medicine. We brought our own food, and we’re comfortable staying on the plane.’ I offered to sign a waiver,” said Bloom, an orthodontist in Clarksville, Maryland. “We were off the plane in two minutes.”

Matt Miller, a spokesman for American Airlines, said such decisions are left to the pilot. “The pilot determined it would be best for the family not to travel based on the severity of the allergy and the need to divert the airline if anyone were eating nuts,” he said.

Airline carriers have a long tradition of serving peanuts on flights, and often serve little else. But the practice also presents a challenge to travellers with severe nut allergies, who can suffer a reaction simply by touching a surface that has been exposed to nuts.

But tensions between passengers with food allergies and airline staff members have risen in recent years, as airlines have begun to enforce stricter rules related to pre-boarding passengers. In the past, parents of young children could board the plane early, giving them a chance to wipe down seats, trays and armrests to reduce exposure to allergens. But today many airlines have stopped letting families with children board before other passengers.

When families request permission to pre-board — or pose another request, such as asking whether nuts will be served — they risk being taken off the flight or threatened with removal, said Mary Vargas, a lawyer whose family was almost kept off a plane from London back to the United States in December because of a nut allergy.

Families with nut allergies are waging a legal challenge against such policies. Two formal complaints filed with the Department of Transportation in the last month accuse American Airlines of discrimination against passengers with allergies. The complaints cite the airline’s pre-boarding policy, which prohibits pre-boarding specifically for people with allergies, and not for others.

“This is about being allowed to fly like everybody else in the United States,” said Vargas, the lawyer representing the families.

Although nobody tracks medical emergencies on airplanes, studies show that in-flight medical emergencies are relatively uncommon and affect only a fraction of the estimated 3.6 billion passengers who fly each year. Chest pain and cardiovascular events are the most common reason planes are diverted for a medical emergency. Allergic reactions make up fewer than 4 per cent of all in-flight medical emergencies, according to a 2013 study published in the Western Journal of Emergency Medicine.